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Lovely railway, shame about the escalators

14/4/2023

4 Comments

 
For the first time this week, I travelled on the Elizabeth Line; a completely magnificent experience. The London Underground celebrates its 160th year this year, and there is still plenty of evidence on some lines of the original mid-Victorian infrastructure. In my youth I used to explore the network at weekends, the iconic Underground map making navigation very easy. Parts of the system in Central London are very deep, and some of the linking pedestrian tunnels were and are still quite claustrophobic—narrow, with low ceilings. Not infrequently, I used to find myself quite alone for minutes at a time. I would sometimes wonder if I had taken a wrong turning and ended up in the dungeons of some magic castle inhabited by the Nibelungs or some other race from the underworld.
 
The Elizabeth Line is the absolute antithesis of the early system, positively cathedral like in the scale of the stations and pedestrian access tunnels; in fact the tunnels are so wide and high that the word ‘tunnel’ hardly seems appropriate. For all that the Crossrail price tag was nearly £20 billion, the design drips premium quality and attention to detail. Of course it will irritate other parts of the country struggling to get any sort of train service. But despite the concerted efforts of successive recent governments to make visitors to this country quite unwelcome, London remains an enormous pull for tourists. The Underground network was operating at saturation point; the Elizabeth Line has increased the capacity of the London railway system by 10%. Even so, it was standing room only yesterday.
 
But they still can’t get the escalators right! I remember the early escalators with their wooden steps, each one having multiple strips of wood, all individually screwed on. The parallel strips provided the grooves in which ran the prongs of metal forks at the top of the stairway designed to prevents shoes etc. becoming caught up in the mechanism. The new escalators are all metal; the grooves are smaller and greater in number and the forks are also quite small. The handrail moves at the same rate as the stairs, or is supposed to do so. In fact, even on the brand new and very long escalators at Liverpool Street and Tottenham Court Road, the handrails move slightly faster than the stairs—as they do on every escalator on the network that I have encountered. It is possible that the issue is one of gear ratios; gears do not yield to the decimal system. They are digital, or perhaps one ought to say dental, in that they must have an integral number of teeth... This means that only specific ratios can be achieved, thus making it impossible to match rotational speeds exactly; I presume this is the root of the problem. I have contacted an escalator manufacturer for an answer to this conundrum, but I am not holding my breath.
4 Comments
Paul Robertson
14/4/2023 03:13:54 pm

If it's any consolation, I have noticed the same 'conundrum' on the Paris métro, but I admit to not having gone to the trouble of observing whether or not the rail is *always* faster than the stairs - ascending or descending - only to the trouble of noticing that it was wrong. I doubt if even one person in ten detects the disparity, let alone comments on it. However, we of an analytical bent, shall not let the marrer lie. I am currently in Marks and Spencer, Braehead where there is a system of escalators. I shall of course keep you informed.

Meanwhile.... if you really want an answer, there is one sure-fire method. Phone in to James O'Brien's mystery hour, Thursdays at 12 noon, LBC, 0345 60 60 973. Expect enlightenment, if you can get through.

Reply
Roger Pittock
17/4/2023 05:29:23 am

Were you going up or down? I guess up. Did you notice the speed differential near the top or bottom? And were many on it at the time? My theory is handrail elasticity. It's got to be driven from below and, on the way up, forces pulling at it get less as you near the top - so it recoils as you get nearer to the top giving you the impression it's going faster. If I'm right it will seem to be going a little slower nearer the bottom - but of course you'll be acclimatising then so be less likely to realise it.

If going down people will apply much lower forces to the handrail - I bet on the down escalator you'd not notice this differential!

Reply
Peter Maggs
17/4/2023 07:22:21 am

It's a good theory Roger. From impressions over a number of years, the effect is largely unchanged whether going up or down, near the top or bottom, and regardless of the length of the escalator. In fact Googling the question (which I should have done before writing the post) reveals some interesting answers: This from the Guardian Newspaper, date unknown:

"Why does the handrail of an escalator travel faster than the steps?

BECAUSE the total distance the handrail has to go is longer than that of the steps, and as both circuits have to be completed in the same time it has to move faster.
Peter Swingewood, ([email protected]) [I LOVE this explanation!]

I DISAGREE with Peter Swingewood. The outer end of a bicycle-wheel spoke also travels further and faster then the inner end but does not get further and further ahead as a result.
Peter Higginbotham, Oxford ([email protected])

PETER HIGGINBOTTOM has missed an important factor. In a wheel, all parts are revolving around the same centre point. In the escalator, the steps and the handrail are not revolving around a common centre point. Thus it will seem as though the handrail is moving faster than the steps.
Andy Armistead, Netherlands ([email protected])

Escalators are designed so that the hand rail travels faster than the stair - this is to prevent users leaning on the rail and not paying attention, thereby ending up in a heap when they reach the end of the rail. The effect is produced by gearing differences between the stair and rail drive mechanisms.
Simon, Hinchley Wood uk"

Some wonderful confusion here! Another website claims that the system is designed for the rail to run faster so that as the gears wear, the speed falls (!)

Somehow, I like Simon's explanation, but I still await a reply to my enquiry to an escalator manufacturer.

Reply
Roger Pittock
17/4/2023 01:12:53 pm

The first answer - distance to travel - is poppycock! Provided the drive wheel(s) is/are on the straight part of the escalator, the linear speeds of both will be defined solely by the ratio of the sizes (if pinch wheels) or teeth count ratios(if rack and pinions).

As for design.... doubt that too. I stand by my theory and add just one more: If the staircase is geared (almost certainly) and the handrail driven by pinch wheels, as the latter get dirty their diameters will increase making the handrails go a little faster between maintenance sessions.

I've not Googled.




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  • Home
  • Books
    • Henry's Trials >
      • Extract from Henry's Trials
    • Smethurst's Luck >
      • Extract from Smethurst's Luck
    • Murder in the Red Barn >
      • Extract from Murder in the Red Barn
    • Reverend Duke and the Amesbury Oliver
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    • Talk on Henry's Trials
    • Talk on Smethurst's Luck
    • Talk on Isambard Kingdom Brunel
    • Talk on the Murder in the Red Barn
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  • Publications
    • The Amesbury Union Workhouse
    • The Separate System
    • Anatomy of a Bridge
  • Peter Maggs
  • Shop
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    • Mirli
    • BM Creeper >
      • The Significance of Stonehenge
      • Educating Ealing I: How Lady Byron Did It
      • Educating Ealing II: Church of England Primary in the 1920s
      • All Because of Crystal Palace
      • Innocent in Ealing - Extract
      • Miss McDonald